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Autohotkey is an interesting and pretty capable application. The only complain
I have that it has some bugs.
In case you have a telnet session to the target, you can also use
Teraterm macro capabilities.
See TeraTerm Macros.
AutoHotkey is a free, open-source macro-creation and automation software utility that allows users to automate repetitive tasks. It has a custom scripting language that is aimed specifically at providing keyboard shortcuts or hotkeys.
This script swaps control and alt keys.
LCtrl::Alt LAlt::Ctrl
The following script will allow a user to search for a particular word or phrase using Google. After copying text from any application to the Clipboard, pressing the configurable hotkey ⊞ Win+g will open the user's default web browser and perform the search.
#g:: ; Win+g Run http://www.google.com/search?q=%clipboard% Return
The following is an example of the script required to create the hotstring "afaik," which is automatically replaced by "as far as I know":
::afaik::as far as I know
The following is an example of a simple function in AutoHotkey. When a URL is copied to the Clipboard, the hotkey Alt+x will check the URL for any/all parenthesis and replace them with alternate characters before pasting the URL from the Clipboard:
!x:: ; Alt+x
URLReplace()
Send ^v ; Ctrl+v
Return
URLReplace() {
StringReplace, Clipboard, Clipboard, (, `%28, All
StringReplace, Clipboard, Clipboard, ), `%29, All
}
In this example, once the contents of a user name or IP Address link have been copied from anywhere on Wikipedia's site to the Clipboard (using Firefox), the following script allows a user to perform the function CopyUser on the Clipboard's contents and save it to a variable designated by either the hotkey Ctrl+⇧ Shift+W or the hotkey Ctrl+⇧ Shift+E. The hotkey Ctrl+⇧ Shift+R utilizes the resultant variables to produce a revert edits summary.
^+w::last := CopyUser() ; Ctrl+Shift+w
^+e::edit := CopyUser() ; Ctrl+Shift+e
CopyUser() {
Clipboard =
StringReplace, Clipboard, Clipboard, http://en.wikipedia.org/
StringReplace, Clipboard, Clipboard, wiki/
StringReplace, Clipboard, Clipboard, w/index.php?title=
StringReplace, Clipboard, Clipboard, Special:Contributions&target=
StringReplace, Clipboard, Clipboard, User:
StringReplace, Clipboard, Clipboard, &action=edit
StringReplace, Clipboard, Clipboard, _, %A_Space%, All
Return, Clipboard
}
; Ctrl+Shift+r
^+r::Send revert edits by [[Special:Contributions/%edit%|%edit%]] to last version by %last%
More examples of what can be done with AutoHotkey can be found in the Scripts and Functions section of AutoHotkey's online forum. Many of these scripts have also have been placed into an AutoHotkey wiki based on the purpose of the script.
# -- WinKey ; assign a hotkey to launch a app #n::Run Notepad ; this means the Win+n !n::Run Notepad ; this means Alt+n ^n::Run Notepad ; this means Ctrl+n F6::Run Notepad ; F6 ^F6::Run Notepad ; Ctrl+F6 ^!n::Run Notepad ; Ctrl+Alt+n
| Symbol | Description |
| # | Win (Windows logo key). In v1.0.48.01+, for Windows Vista and later, hotkeys that include the Windows key (e.g. #a) will wait for the Windows key to be released before sending any text containing an "L" keystroke. This prevents the Send within such a hotkey from locking the PC. This behavior applies to all sending modes except SendPlay (which doesn't need it) and blind mode. |
| ! | Alt |
| ^ | Control |
| + | Shift |
| & | An ampersand may be used between any two keys or mouse buttons to combine them into a custom hotkey. See below for details. Such hotkeys are ignored (not activated) on Windows 95/98/Me. |
| < | Use the left key of the pair. e.g. <!a is the same as !a except that only the left Alt key will trigger it. This symbol is ignored on Windows 95/98/ME. |
| > | Use the right key of the pair. This symbol is ignored on Windows 95/98/ME. |
| <^>! | AltGr (alternate graving). If your keyboard layout has an AltGr key
instead of a right-Alt key, this series of symbols can usually be used to
stand for AltGr. For example:<^>!m::MsgBox You pressed AltGr+m. <^<!m::MsgBox You pressed LeftControl+LeftAlt+m. Alternatively, to make AltGr itself into a hotkey, use the following hotkey (without any hotkeys like the above present): LControl & RAlt::MsgBox You pressed AltGr itself. |
| * | Wildcard: Fire the hotkey even if extra modifiers are being held down.
This is often used in conjunction with
remapping keys
or buttons. For example:*#c::Run Calc.exe ; Win+C, Shift+Win+C, Ctrl+Win+C, etc. will all trigger this hotkey. *ScrollLock::Run Notepad ; Pressing Scrolllock will trigger this hotkey even when modifer key(s) are down. |
| ~ | When the hotkey fires, its key's native function will not be blocked
(hidden from the system). In both of the below examples, the user's click
of the mouse button will be sent to the active window:~RButton::MsgBox You clicked the right mouse button. ~RButton & C::MsgBox You pressed C while holding down the right mouse button. Notes: 1) Unlike the other prefix symbols, the tilde prefix is allowed to be present on some of a hotkey's variants but absent on others; 2) Special hotkeys that are substitutes for alt-tab always ignore the tilde prefix; 3) The tilde prefix is ignored on Windows 95/98/ME |
| $ | This is usually only necessary if the script uses the
Send command
to send the keys that comprise the hotkey itself, which might otherwise
cause it to trigger itself. The exact behavior of the $ prefix varies depending
on operating system: On Windows NT4/2k/XP or later: The $ prefix forces the keyboard hook to be used to implement this hotkey, which as a side-effect prevents the Send command from triggering it. The $ prefix is equivalent to having specified #UseHook somewhere above the definition of this hotkey. On Windows 95/98/Me: The hotkey is disabled during the execution of its thread and re-enabled afterward. As a side-effect, if #MaxThreadsPerHotkey is set higher than 1, it will behave as though set to 1 for such hotkeys. |
| UP |
The word UP may follow the name of a hotkey to cause the hotkey to fire
upon release of the key rather than when the key is pressed down. The following
example remaps
LWin to become LControl:
*LWin::Send {LControl Down} "Up" can also be used with normal hotkeys as in this example: ^!r Up::MsgBox You pressed and released Ctrl+Alt+R. It also works with combination hotkeys (e.g. F1 & e Up::) Limitations: 1) "Up" does not work with joystick buttons; 2) "Up" requires Windows NT4/2000/XP or later; and 3) An "Up" hotkey without a normal/down counterpart hotkey will completely take over that key to prevent it from getting stuck down. One way to prevent this is to add a tilde prefix (e.g. ~LControl up::) On a related note, a technique similar to the above is to make a hotkey into a prefix key. The advantage is that although the hotkey will fire upon release, it will do so only if you did not press any other key while it was held down. For example: LControl & F1::return ; Make left-control a prefix by using it in front of "&" at least once. LControl::MsgBox You released LControl without having used it to modify any other key. |
(See the Key List for a complete list of keyboard keys and mouse/joystick buttons)
Multiple hotkeys can be stacked vertically to have them perform the same action.
For example:
^Numpad0:: ^Numpad1:: MsgBox Pressing either Control+Numpad0 or Control+Numpad1 will display this message. return
A key or key-combination can be disabled for the entire system by having it do nothing. The following example disables the right-side Windows key:
RWin::return
The directives #IfWinActive/Exist can be used to make a hotkey perform a different action (or none at all) depending on the type of window that is active or exists. For example:
#IfWinActive, ahk_class Notepad ^a::MsgBox You pressed Ctrl-A while Notepad is active. Pressing Ctrl-A in any other window will pass the Ctrl-A keystroke to that window. #c::MsgBox You pressed Win-C while Notepad is active. #IfWinActive #c::MsgBox You pressed Win-C while any window except Notepad is active.
You can define a custom combination of two keys (except joystick buttons) by using " & " between them. In the below example, you would hold down Numpad0 then press the second key to trigger the hotkey:
Numpad0 & Numpad1::MsgBox You pressed Numpad1 while holding down Numpad0. Numpad0 & Numpad2::Run Notepad
In the above example, Numpad0 becomes a prefix key; but this also causes Numpad0 to lose its original/native function when it is pressed by itself. To avoid this, a script may configure Numpad0 to perform a new action such as one of the following:
Numpad0::WinMaximize A ; Maximize the active/foreground window.
Numpad0::Send {Numpad0} ; Make the release of Numpad0 produce a Numpad0 keystroke. See comment below.
The presence of one of the above hotkeys causes the release of Numpad0 to perform the indicated action, but only if you did not press any other keys while Numpad0 was being held down.
Numlock, Capslock, and Scrolllock: These keys may be forced to be "AlwaysOn" or "AlwaysOff". For example: SetNumlockState AlwaysOn
Overriding Explorer's hotkeys: Windows' built-in hotkeys such as Win-E (#e) and Win-R (#r) can be individually overridden simply by assigning them to an action in the script. See the override page for details.
Substitutes for Alt-Tab: Hotkeys can provide an alternate means of alt-tabbing. For example, the following two hotkeys allow you to alt-tab with your right hand:
RControl & RShift::AltTab ; Hold down right-control then press right-shift repeatedly to move forward. RControl & Enter::ShiftAltTab ; Without even having to release right-control, press Enter to reverse direction.
For more details, see Alt-Tab.
Hotkeys that fire upon turning the mouse wheel are supported via the key names WheelDown and WheelUp. WheelLeft and WheelRight are also supported in v1.0.48+, but have no effect on operating systems older than Windows Vista. Here are some examples of mouse wheel hotkeys:
MButton & WheelDown::MsgBox You turned the mouse wheel down while holding down the middle button. ^!WheelUp::MsgBox You rotated the wheel up while holding down Control+Alt.
In v1.0.43.03+, the built-in variable A_EventInfo contains the amount by which the wheel was turned, which is typically 1. However, A_EventInfo can be greater or less than 1 under the following circumstances:
Some of the most useful hotkeys for the mouse wheel involve alternate modes of scrolling a window's text. For example, the following pair of hotkeys scrolls horizontally instead of vertically when you turn the wheel while holding down the left Control key:
~LControl & WheelUp:: ; Scroll left.
ControlGetFocus, fcontrol, A
Loop 2 ; <-- Increase this value to scroll faster.
SendMessage, 0x114, 0, 0, %fcontrol%, A ; 0x114 is WM_HSCROLL and the 0 after it is SB_LINELEFT.
return
~LControl & WheelDown:: ; Scroll right.
ControlGetFocus, fcontrol, A
Loop 2 ; <-- Increase this value to scroll faster.
SendMessage, 0x114, 1, 0, %fcontrol%, A ; 0x114 is WM_HSCROLL and the 1 after it is SB_LINERIGHT.
return
Finally, since mouse wheel hotkeys generate only down-events (never up-events), they cannot be used as key-up hotkeys.
Each numpad key can be made to launch two different hotkey subroutines depending on the state of Numlock. Alternatively, a numpad key can be made to launch the same subroutine regardless of the Numlock state. For example:
NumpadEnd:: Numpad1:: MsgBox, This hotkey is launched regardless of whether Numlock is on. return
If the tilde (~) operator is used with a prefix key even once, that prefix will always be sent through to the active window. For example, in both of the below hotkeys, the active window will receive all right-clicks even though only one of the definitions contains a tilde:
~RButton & LButton::MsgBox You pressed the left mouse button while holding down the right. RButton & WheelUp::MsgBox You turned the mouse wheel up while holding down the right button.
The Suspend command can temporarily disable all hotkeys except for ones you make exempt. For greater selectivity, use #IfWinActive/Exist.
By means of the Hotkey command, hotkeys can be created dynamically while the script is running. The Hotkey command can also modify, disable, or enable the script's existing hotkeys individually.
Joystick hotkeys do not currently support modifier prefixes such as ^ (Control) and # (Win). However, you can use GetKeyState to mimic this effect as shown in the following example:
Joy2::
if not GetKeyState("Control") ; Neither the left nor right Control key is down.
return ; i.e. Do nothing.
MsgBox You pressed the first joystick's second button while holding down the Control key.
return
There may be times when a hotkey should wait for its own modifier keys to be released before continuing. Consider the following example:
^!s::Send {Delete}
Pressing Control-Alt-S would cause the system to behave as though you pressed Control-Alt-Delete (due to the system's aggressive detection of Ctrl-Alt-Delete). To work around this, use KeyWait to wait for the keys to be released; for example:
^!s::
KeyWait Control
KeyWait Alt
Send {Delete}
return
If a hotkey label like #z:: produces an error like "Invalid Hotkey", your system's keyboard layout/language might not have the specified character ("Z" in this case). Try using a different character that you know exists in your keyboard layout.
A hotkey label can be used as the target of a Gosub or Goto. For example: Gosub ^!s
One common use for hotkeys is to start and stop a repeating action, such as a series of keystrokes or mouse clicks. For an example of this, see this FAQ topic.
Finally, each script is quasi multi-threaded, which allows a new hotkey to be launched even when a previous hotkey subroutine is still running. For example, new hotkeys can be launched even while a MsgBox is being displayed by the current hotkey.
Each Alt-Tab hotkey must be a combination of two keys, which is typically achieved via the ampersand symbol (&). In the following example, you would hold down the right Alt key and press J or K to navigate the alt-tab menu:
RAlt & j::AltTab RAlt & k::ShiftAltTab
AltTab and ShiftAltTab are two of the special commands that are only recognized when used on the same line as a hotkey. Here is the complete list:
AltTab: If the alt-tab menu is visible, move forward in it. Otherwise, display the menu (only if the hotkey is an "&" combination of two keys; otherwise, it does nothing).
ShiftAltTab: Same as above except move backward in the menu.
AltTabAndMenu: If the alt-tab menu is visble, move forward in it. Otherwise, display the menu.
AltTabMenuDismiss: Close the Alt-tab menu.
To illustrate the above, the mouse wheel can be made into an entire substitute for Alt-tab. With the following hotkeys in effect, clicking the middle button displays the menu and turning the wheel navigates through it:
MButton::AltTabMenu WheelDown::AltTab WheelUp::ShiftAltTab
To cancel a hotkey-invoked Alt-tab menu without activating the selected window, use a hotkey such as the following. It might require adjustment depending on: 1) the means by which the alt-tab menu was originally displayed; and 2) whether the script has the keyboard hook installed.
LCtrl & CapsLock::AltTab
!MButton:: ; Middle mouse button. The ! prefix makes it fire while the Alt key is down (which it is if the alt-tab menu is visible).
IfWinExist ahk_class #32771 ; Indicates that the alt-tab menu is present on the screen.
Send !{Escape}{Alt up}
return
Currently, all special Alt-tab actions must be assigned directly to a hotkey as in the examples above (i.e. they cannot be used as though they were commands). Also, the presence of the alt-tab menu can be detected via IfWinExist ahk_class #32771
Custom alt-tab actions can also be created via hotkeys. In the following example, you would press F1 to display the menu and advance forward in it. Then you would press F2 to activate the selected window (or press Escape to cancel):
*F1::Send {Alt down}{tab} ; Asterisk is required in this case.
!F2::Send {Alt up} ; Release the Alt key, which activates the selected window.
~*Escape::
IfWinExist ahk_class #32771
Send {Escape}{Alt up} ; Cancel the menu without activating the selected window.
return
AutoHotkey language is not case sensitive. 「Run」 is the same as 「run」.
Once you run the above script, it actually stays running as a background process. You can see it in your Taskbar's notification area. You can right click on the icon and pull a menu to exit the script. As long as the script is running, your hotkey is available to you.
Some examples of launching applications, opening files, url.
; you can use "Run" to launch apps or url Run Notepad ; launch a app by name Run "C:\Program Files (x86)\Internet Explorer\iexplore.exe" ; launch a app by path Run C:\Users\xah\Documents\todo.txt ; launch a file Run C:\Users\xah\Documents ; launch a folder Run www.google.com ; launch a url in default browser
; launching a app with a parameter Run "C:\Program Files (x86)\emacs-23.1-bin-i386\emacs-23.1\bin\emacs.exe" "-Q"
; assign a hotkey to launch a app #n::Run Notepad ; this means the Win+n !n::Run Notepad ; this means Alt+n ^n::Run Notepad ; this means Ctrl+n F6::Run Notepad ; F6 ^F6::Run Notepad ; Ctrl+F6 ^!n::Run Notepad ; Ctrl+Alt+n
The above should be all you need. If you need to define keys such as Home, End, PageUp, ScrLk, numberpad keys... and special keys such as Browser Back, Browser Forward, Play/Pause ..., see: AutoHotkey Key Notations.
You can define a hotkey, so that, when pressed, it sends some other typing or keystrokes.
; pressing Ctrl+Alt+s to insert your signature
F8::
Send Best,{Enter}{Enter} Mary Jane
Return
In the above, the 「{Enter}」 means the Enter key. When you press 【Ctrl+Alt+s】, then it'll type:
Best, Mary Jane
For about 20 simple and useful scripts, see: AutoHotkey Example Scripts.
When you have a lot of hotkeys defined, everytime you restart your computer, you have to start your ahk script, otherwise the hotkeys won't be available. You can make Windows automatically start your script when system starts. Here's how.
Suppose your script is named 〔MyHotkeys.ahk〕. Open the folder
C:\Users\xah\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Windows\Start Menu\Programs\Startup
Now, hold down Alt and drag your 〔MyHotkeys.ahk〕 file to the folder. This will create a link shortcut to your Startup folder. When Windows starts, your script will also automatically start.
For about 20 simple and useful scripts, see: AutoHotkey Example Scripts.
When you have a lot of hotkeys defined, everytime you restart your computer, you have to start your ahk script, otherwise the hotkeys won't be available. You can make Windows automatically start your script when system starts. Here's how.
Suppose your script is named 〔MyHotkeys.ahk〕. Open the folder
C:\Users\xah\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Windows\Start Menu\Programs\Startup
Now, hold down Alt and drag your 〔MyHotkeys.ahk〕 file to the folder. This will creat a link shortcut to your Startup folder. When Windows starts, your script will also automatically start.
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AutoHotkey is a free, open-source utility for Windows. With it, you can:
Automate almost anything by sending keystrokes and mouse clicks. You can write a mouse or keyboard macro by hand or use the macro recorder.
Create hotkeys for keyboard, joystick, and mouse. Virtually any key, button, or combination can become a hotkey.
Expand abbreviations as you type them. For example, typing "btw" can automatically produce "by the way".
Create custom data entry forms, user interfaces, and menu bars. See GUI for details.
Remap keys and buttons on your keyboard, joystick, and mouse.
Respond to signals from hand-held remote controls via the WinLIRC client script.
Run existing AutoIt v2 scripts and enhance them with new capabilities.
Convert any script into an EXE file that can be run on computers that don't have AutoHotkey installed.
Getting started might be easier than you think. Check out the quick-start tutorial.
More About Hotkeys
AutoHotkey unleashes the full potential of your keyboard, joystick, and mouse. For example, in addition to the typical Control, Alt, and Shift modifiers, you can use the Windows key and the Capslock key as modifiers. In fact, you can make any key or mouse button act as a modifier. For these and other capabilities, see Advanced Hotkeys.
Other Features
Change the volume, mute, and other settings of any soundcard.
Make any window transparent, always-on-top, or alter its shape.
Monitor your system. For example, close unwanted windows the moment they appear.
Retrieve and change the clipboard's contents, including file names copied from an Explorer window.
Disable or override Windows' own shortcut keys such as Win+E and Win+R.
Alleviate RSI with substitutes for Alt-Tab (using keys, mouse wheel, or buttons).
Customize the tray icon menu with your own icon, tooltip, menu items, and submenus.
Display dialog boxes, tooltips, balloon tips, and popup menus to interact with the user.
Perform scripted actions in response to system shutdown or logoff.
Detect how long the user has been idle. For example, run CPU intensive tasks only when the user is away.
Automate game actions by detecting images and pixel colors.
Read, write, and parse text files more easily than in other languages.
Perform operation(s) upon a set of files that match a wildcard pattern.
License: GNU General Public License
Comparison of macro recorder software - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
AutoHotkey - Free Mouse and Keyboard Macro Program with Hotkeys and AutoText.
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