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Here's some general advice on debugging complex Asterisk dialplans.
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There are several more specific debugging tricks:
Turn on debugging and watch the CLI while a
call is passing through that context, so you can see what the actual extension
is. Then rewrite the context to either use that extension directly
in place of _. or use a pattern that will catch that extension. As a last
resort, if you don't need to preserve the extension, you may be able to
use two contexts to get rid of the ambiguity (which still has some risk,
but limits the time of exposure):
[unknownextension]
exten => _.,1,Goto(itmatches,s,1)
.....
[itmatches]
exten => s,1,NoOp(Now
using s extension)
.....
Do not leave a pattern of _. in the dialplan after the debugging as this will match everything including Asterisk special extensions like i, t, h, etc. If really necessary, use something like _X. or which will not match __special__ extensions..
In this case asterisk provides trace of commands which can help you in debugging, especially if you add NoOp() in critical places.
It works as a printf if your verbose level is set to 3 or higher.
For example:
exten => s,1,Answer
exten => s,2,NoOp(${CALLERID})This works with any variable, so NoOp(${any_var_name}) will print the value of the named variable on the console when that step in the extension is reached.
Note that this is a side effect of the verbosity level being 3 or higher, not a function of the application itself. The application NoOp does nothing.
If you would like output at other verbosity levels (for example, 0), you are encouraged to use the Verbose command.
Adapted from Practical Asterisk 1.4 (unstable)
An example dialplan looks like this:
[general] [my-phones] exten => 23,1,Answer() exten => 23,2,Playback(hello-world) exten => 23,3,Hangup()
We can call dialplan show from the CLI (invoked with asterisk -r if Asterisk is already running) to verify that our dialplan has been loaded:
*CLI> dialplan show
[ Context 'default' created by 'pbx_config' ]
[ Context 'my-phones' created by 'pbx_config' ]
'23' => 1. Answer() [pbx_config]
2. Playback(hello-world) [pbx_config]
3. Hangup() [pbx_config]
[ Context 'parkedcalls' created by 'res_features' ]
'700' => 1. Park() [res_features]
-= 2 extensions (4 priorities) in 3 contexts. =-
*CLI>
The output includes all the dialplan rules that Asterisk knows about.
Notice that there is a 'parkedcalls' context that
we haven't seen before; this is activated by default in
features.conf and needn't concern us further.
What if we are only interested in the my-phones
context? We can make our request more specific with
dialplan show my-phones:
*CLI> dialplan show my-phones
[ Context 'my-phones' created by 'pbx_config' ]
'23' => 1. Answer() [pbx_config]
2. Playback(hello-world) [pbx_config]
3. Hangup() [pbx_config]
-= 1 extension (3 priorities) in 1 context. =-
*CLI>
The command dialplan
show can also be used to show what Asterisk will do if we dial a
specific number. Say we want to dial '25' from a phone in the
my-phones context. We can see what will happen
with the command dialplan show 25@my-phones:
*CLI> dialplan show 25@my-phones There is no existence of 25@my-phones extension *CLI>
Nothing happens because there is no match for '25' in the context. If we dial '23' instead, we get this output:
*CLI> dialplan show 23@my-phones
[ Context 'my-phones' created by 'pbx_config' ]
'23' => 1. Answer()
2. Playback(hello-world)
3. Hangup()
-= 1 extension (3 priorities) in 1 context. =-
*CLI>
If we want to check '23' against all the accessible contexts, we use dialplan show 23@:
*CLI> dialplan show 23@
[ Context 'my-phones' created by 'pbx_config' ]
'23' => 1. Answer()
2. Playback(hello-world)
3. Hangup()
-= 1 extension (3 priorities) in 1 context. =-
*CLI>
Let's expand our dialplan with an additional context by editing
extensions.conf like so:
[general] [my-phones] exten => 23,1,Answer() exten => 23,2,Playback(hello-world) exten => 23,3,Hangup() [department-q] exten => _2X,1,Answer() exten => _2X,2,Playback(hello-world) exten => _2X,3,Hangup()
Now we go back to the CLI and, after reloading the dialplan with the reload command, run dialplan show 23@:
*CLI> dialplan show 23@
[ Context 'department-q' created by 'pbx_config' ]
'_2X' => 1. Answer()
2. Playback(hello-world)
3. Hangup()
[ Context 'my-phones' created by 'pbx_config' ]
'23' => 1. Answer() [pbx_config]
2. Playback(hello-world) [pbx_config]
3. Hangup() [pbx_config]
-= 2 extensions (6 priorities) in 2 contexts. =-
*CLI>
All the matching extensions are displayed. Let's try it with dialplan show 25@:
*CLI> dialplan show 25@
[ Context 'department-q' created by 'pbx_config' ]
'_2X' => 1. Answer() [pbx_config]
2. Playback(hello-world) [pbx_config]
3. Hangup() [pbx_config]
-= 1 extension (3 priorities) in 1 context. =-
*CLI>
There is only one match, in context department-q.
In this example, if you dial '25' from a phone in the
my-phones context, you still won't hear the 'hello world' message.
Extension '25' only works for phones in the department-q
context.
Do not assume that Asterisk runs through the dialplan in a completely sequential manner; while this is generally the case, it does prioritize patterns based on the quality of the match.
The reason for this is simple: more than one pattern might match a dialled number. If two extensions match a dialled number, Asterisk will always choose the better match. Before deciding which extension matches best, it processes the entire context.
An example:
[sales]
exten => _12X.,1,NoOp{12X}
exten => 12345,1,NoOp(12345}
exten => _1234.,1,NoOp{1234.}
It is not immediately clear which extension is executed when we dial '12345'. To find out, we use dialplan show 12345@sales:
*CLI> dialplan show 12345@sales
[ Context 'sales' created by 'pbx_config' ]
'12345' => 1. NoOp(12345}) [pbx_config]
'_1234.' => 1. NoOp{1234.}() [pbx_config]
'_12X.' => 1. NoOp{12X}() [pbx_config]
-= 3 extensions (3 priorities) in 1 context. =-
*CLI>
Asterisk shows all the hits, but gives extension 12345,1,NoOP{12345}
first priority. The highest priority extension is always displayed at the
top.
Let's try it with '12346' using the command dialplan show 12346@sales:
*CLI> dialplan show 12346@sales
[ Context 'sales' created by 'pbx_config' ]
'_1234.' => 1. NoOp{1234.}() [pbx_config]
'_12X.' => 1. NoOp{12X}() [pbx_config]
-= 2 extensions (2 priorities) in 1 context. =-
*CLI>
Again, the pattern with the best match to the dialled digits is listed first.
![[Important]](http://www.the-asterisk-book.com/unstable/img/important.gif)
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| The order in which the patterned extensions
appear in the dialplan makes no difference. Patterned extensions
are matched strictly in order of match precision.
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Let's try adding the extension "_." to our previous dialplan example: [sales]
exten => _12X.,1,NoOp{12X}
exten => 12345,1,NoOp(12345}
exten => _1234.,1,NoOp{1234.}
exten => _.,1,NoOp{Bingo}
When we try testing '12346' with dialplan show 12346@sales, we get the following output: *CLI> dialplan show 12346@sales
[ Context 'sales' created by 'pbx_config' ]
'_1234.' => 1. NoOp{1234.}() [pbx_config]
'_12X.' => 1. NoOp{12X}() [pbx_config]
'_.' => 1. NoOp{Bingo}() [pbx_config]
-= 3 extensions (3 priorities) in 1 context. =-
*CLI>
In Asterisk 1.4 is is assigned the lowest priority. Still it is preferable to use [sales]
exten => _12X.,1,NoOp{12X}
exten => 12345,1,NoOp(12345}
exten => _1234.,1,NoOp{1234.}
exten => _X.,1,NoOp{Bingo}
The priorities appear as follows in both versions: *CLI> dialplan show 12346@sales
[ Context 'sales' created by 'pbx_config' ]
'_1234.' => 1. NoOp{1234.}() [pbx_config]
'_12X.' => 1. NoOp{12X}() [pbx_config]
'_X.' => 1. NoOp{Bingo}() [pbx_config]
-= 3 extensions (3 priorities) in 1 context. =-
*CLI>
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A couple of items to consider (in addition to the technical * implementation issues) are:
Practical Asterisk 1.4 (unstable)
InformIT- Practical Asterisk- Installation and "Hello World" > 2.2 ...
Troubleshooting and Debugging VoIP Call Basics [Gateway Protocols ...
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