df Command

Option -m (gnu df only). Display disk space usage only in MB

To view file system disk space usage only in Megabytes, use -m flag.

$ df -m
Filesystem 1M-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
... ... ... 

Option -T (gnu df only).  Display the file system type

To display the file system type, use -T flag.

$ df -T
Filesystem Type 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
... ... ... 

As you see, there is an extra column (second from left) that shows the file system type.

Option -t (gnu df only). Display only the specific file system type

We can limit the listing to a certain file systems. for example ext4. To do so, we use -t flag.

$ df -t ext4
Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
... ... .. 

See? This command shows only the ext4 file system disk space usage.

Option -x (gnu df only). Exclude specific file system type

Some times, you may want to exclude a specific file system from the result. This can be achieved by using -x flag.

$ df -x ext3
Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
... ... ... 

Option -h (gnu df only).  Display filesystem for a given folder

To display partition on which a partcilar folder exist and staticitcs for this partition , use option -h. Often it make sense to combine it with -T.

$ df -hT /home/sk/
Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
... ... .. 

Grepping the interesting filesystems from the output.

Often you need a subset of all filesystems, for example just Oracle file systems.  Common convention is that Oracle filesystems begin with /u0. In this case you need to take into consideration that filesystem is the last field and anchor your regular expression to the end of the line. Otherwise you might get false positives.

For example:  

# df -kP | egrep "/u0$"
/dev/vx/dsk/oradg/u02vol 12582912 8717924 3744252    70%    /u02
/dev/vx/dsk/oradg/u01vol  8796160 5563610 3131556    64%    /u01
/dev/vx/dsk/oradg/u04vol 10035200 1247888 8519534    13%   /u04
/dev/vx/dsk/oradg/u03vol 12582912 2524060 
9744542    21%    /u03

We can use cut, Perl of awk to extract the fourth column, which is the available space in the filesystem.

$ df -kP | egrep "/u0$" | awk '{ print $4 }'

3744252
3132546
8519534
9744542

Writing scripts top monitor free space on filesystems

It is actually pretty difficult to create a good script for monitoring free space of filesystems. For some considerations see Filesystem free space monitoring

Here is a simple way too primitive example:

check_filesystem_size.ksh
#!/bin/ksh

for i in `df -k | grep /u0 `
do
   # If any filesystem has less than 100k, issue an alert

   freespace=echo $i | awk '{ print $4 }'
   if [ $freespace -lt 100 ]
   then
      mail -s "On server $HOSTNAME filesystem $i has less then 100K of free space ($freespace)" [email protected] < df -k | grep "/u0"
   fi
done

NEWS CONTENTS

• 20190406 : How To Count Inode Usage In Linux ( Apr 06, 2019 , www.2daygeek.com )
• 20190212* How to Check Disk Space in Linux Using the df Command - ( Feb 09, 2019 , linuxize.com ) [Recommended]
• 20131205 : Disk usage analysis and cleanup tools by Mayank Sharma ( 01 February 2006 , linux.com )
• 20100314 : A System Monitoring Tool Primer ( CertCities.com )

Old News

[Apr 06, 2019] How To Count Inode Usage In Linux

Apr 06, 2019 | www.2daygeek.com

Each file has an inode containing metadata about the file. Each file in a filesystem has a unique inode number. Inode numbers are guaranteed to be unique only within a filesystem.

You may get the following error when inode is full on the file system. No space left on device or running out of Inodes.

Inode stores the following information about a file.

• Size of the file.
• Device ID
• User ID (UID)
• Group ID (GID)
• Information about permissions (read, write, execute, etc)
• File access privileges (owner, group and others)
• Time stamps information such as file access, file modification, file deletion and inode number change.
• Information about soft links and hard links
• Location of the file on the file system

How To Check Inode Number Of The File In Linux?

Use the ls command with -i option to view the file inode number. The inode number of the file will be shown in the first field of the output.

# ls -li 2daygeek.txt

1740436 -rw-r--r-- 1 daygeek daygeek 211 Feb 10 08:03 2daygeek.txt

How To Search A File Using Inode Number In Linux?

You can able to find the files using inode number in Linux. To do so, use the following format.

# find /home/daygeek/ -inum 1740436

/home/daygeek/2daygeek.txt

How To Check Inode Utilization On The File System In Linux?

If you would like to check inode utilization on the file system then run the following command.

# df -i
Filesystem       Inodes   IUsed    IFree IUse% Mounted on
/dev/vda1      13640832 1487624 12153208   11% /
devtmpfs         232604     326   232278    1% /dev
tmpfs            235277       1   235276    1% /dev/shm
tmpfs            235277     555   234722    1% /run
tmpfs            235277      16   235261    1% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/loop0       146592     139   146453    1% /tmp
tmpfs            235277       1   235276    1% /run/user/0

How To Count Inode Usage In Linux?

If you would like to count inode utilization in the current directory, use the following command. This will print the output without grand total.

# pwd
/home/daygeek

# find . -printf "%h\n" | cut -d/ -f-2 | sort | uniq -c | sort -rn
  43113 ./.cache
  16491 ./.rustup
   4057 ./.mozilla
   3257 ./Documents
   3054 ./.local
   1869 ./.config
   1567 ./.npm
   1551 ./Videos
    964 ./.cargo
    249 ./Pictures
    185 ./Downloads
    177 ./.bundle
    158 ./yay
    155 ./Desktop
    145 ./snap
    139 ./batstat

How To Count Inode Usage In Linux With Grand Total?

If you would like to count inode utilization in the current directory, use the following command. This will print the output with grand total.

# echo "Detailed Inode usage for: $(pwd)" ; for d in `find -maxdepth 1 -type d |cut -d\/ -f2 |grep -xv . |sort`; do c=$(find $d |wc -l) ; printf "$c\t\t- $d\n" ; done ; printf "Total: \t\t$(find $(pwd) | wc -l)\n"

Detailed Inode usage for: /home/daygeek
11              - 2g
46              - bash-insulter
140             - batstat
96              - betty
178             - .bundle
43114           - .cache
965             - .cargo
1870            - .config
156             - Desktop
3258            - Documents
186             - Downloads
60              - drivesync
3055            - .local
4058            - .mozilla
1568            - .npm
250             - Pictures
16492           - .rustup
146             - snap
64              - ssh-audit
1552            - Videos
159             - yay

Total:          77682

How To Check Inode Changes With Copy And Move?

Inode values doesn't get change/modify when you perform the file move with in the file system. See the results below.

# ls -li /home/daygeek/2daygeek.txt 
1740436 -rw-r--r-- 1 daygeek daygeek 211 Feb 10 08:03 /home/daygeek/2daygeek.txt

# mv /home/daygeek/2daygeek.txt /home/daygeek/Downloads/

# ls -li /home/daygeek/Downloads/2daygeek.txt
1740436 -rw-r--r-- 1 daygeek daygeek 211 Feb 10 08:03 /home/daygeek/Downloads/2daygeek.txt

Inode values get changed/modified when you perform the file copy in Linux. See the results below.

# ls -li /home/daygeek/Downloads/2daygeek.txt
1740436 -rw-r--r-- 1 daygeek daygeek 211 Feb 10 08:03 /home/daygeek/Downloads/2daygeek.txt

# cp /home/daygeek/Downloads/2daygeek.txt /home/daygeek/Downloads/2daygeek-new.txt

# ls -li /home/daygeek/Downloads/2daygeek-new.txt
1743316 -rw-r--r-- 1 daygeek daygeek 211 Apr  5 09:51 /home/daygeek/Downloads/2daygeek-new.txt

How To Reduce The Inode Usage In Linux?

The only option is to delete the unused files to reduce the inode usage in Linux.

[Feb 12, 2019] How to Check Disk Space in Linux Using the df Command -

Highly recommended!

Feb 09, 2019 | linuxize.com

... ... ...

File System Types

To display file system types, use the df command followed the -T option:

https://tpc.googlesyndication.com/safeframe/1-0-32/html/container.html

df -t

Copy

Filesystem     Type     1K-blocks      Used Available Use% Mounted on
dev            devtmpfs   8172848         0   8172848   0% /dev
run            tmpfs      8218640      1744   8216896   1% /run
/dev/nvme0n1p3 ext4     222284728 183666100  27257444  88% /
tmpfs          tmpfs      8218640    383076   7835564   5% /dev/shm
tmpfs          tmpfs      8218640         0   8218640   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
tmpfs          tmpfs      8218640        24   8218616   1% /tmp
/dev/nvme0n1p1 vfat        523248    107912    415336  21% /boot
/dev/sda1      ext4     480588496 172832632 283320260  38% /data
tmpfs          tmpfs      1643728        40   1643688   1% /run/user/1000

Copy

If you want to limit listing to file systems of a specific type use the -t option followed by the type. For example to list all ext4 partitions you would run:

df -t ext4

Copy

Filesystem     1K-blocks      Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/nvme0n1p3 222284728 183666112  27257432  88% /
/dev/sda1      480588496 172832632 283320260  38% /data

Copy

Similar to above, the -x option allows you to limit the output to file systems that are not of a specific type,

Display Inode Usage

When used with the -i option the df command will display information about the filesystem inodes usage. For example to show information about the inodes on the file system mounted to system root directory / in human-readable format you would use:

df -ih /

Copy

Filesystem     Inodes IUsed IFree IUse% Mounted on
/dev/nvme0n1p3    14M  1.9M   12M   14% /

Copy

An inode is a data structure in a Unix and Linux file systems, which contains information about a file or directory such as its size, owner, device node, socket, pipe, etc., except da. Output format

The df command also allows you to specify the output format.

To limit the reported fields shown in the df output use the --output[=FIELD_LIST] option. FIELD_LIST is a comma-separated list of columns to be included in the output. Each field can be used only once. Valid field names are:

https://tpc.googlesyndication.com/safeframe/1-0-32/html/container.html

• source - The File system source.
• fstype - The File system type.
• itotal - Total number of inodes.
• iused - Number of the used inodes.
• iavail - Number of the available inodes.
• ipcent - Percentage of used inodes.
• size - Total disk space.
• used - Used disk space.
• avail - Available disk space.
• pcent - Percentage of used space.
• file - The file name if specified on the command line.
• target - The mount point.

For example to display the output of all ext4 partition in human-readable format, showing only the filesystem name and size and the percentage of the used space you would use:

df -h -t ext4 --output=source,size,pcent

Copy

Filesystem      Size Use%
/dev/nvme0n1p3  212G  88%
/dev/sda1       459G  38%

Copy Conclusion

By now you should have a good understanding of how to use the df command. You can always view all available df command options by typing man df in your terminal.

disk

[Dec 05, 2013] Disk usage analysis and cleanup tools By Mayank Sharma

01 February 2006 | linux.com

The df utility displays the disk space usage on all mounted filesystems. The -T option prints the filesystem type as well. By default, df measures the size in 1K blocks, which could be a little difficult for a desktop user to decipher. Use the -h option to get more understandable output:

$ df -h -T

Filesystem    Type    Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on

/dev/hda6     ext3     20G  9.3G  9.1G  51% /

/dev/hda7 reiserfs     13G  2.1G   11G  17% /mnt/suse

/dev/sda1     vfat    241M  152M   90M  63% /media/usbdisk

[Mar 14, 2010] A System Monitoring Tool Primer

Recommended Links

• df (Unix) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
• The df Command Tutorial With Examples For Beginners - OSTechNix
• df: report free disk space – Commands & Utilities Reference, The Single UNIX® Specification, Issue 7 from The Open Group
• The DF Command | Linux Journal
• Why command df and du reports different output-
• How to use the df command, by The Linux Information Project

Perl

• FilesysDf - search.cpan.org

GNU df reference

If an argument is the absolute file name of a disk device node containing a mounted file system, df shows the space available on that file system rather than on the file system containing the device node (which is always the root file system). This version of df cannot show the space available on unmounted file systems, because on most kinds of systems doing so requires very nonportable intimate knowledge of file system structures.

GNU df options

Show information about the file system on which each FILE resides, or all file systems by default.

Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.

df reports the amount of disk space used and available on file systems. Synopsis:

     df [option]... [file]...

With no arguments, df reports the space used and available on all currently mounted file systems (of all types). Otherwise, df reports on the file system containing each argument file.

Normally the disk space is printed in units of 1024 bytes, but this can be overridden (see Block size). Non-integer quantities are rounded up to the next higher unit.

If an argument file is a disk device file containing a mounted file system, df shows the space available on that file system rather than on the file system containing the device node (i.e., the root file system). gnu df does not attempt to determine the disk usage on unmounted file systems, because on most kinds of systems doing so requires extremely nonportable intimate knowledge of file system structures.

The program accepts the following options. Also see Common options.

'-a'

'--all'

Include in the listing dummy file systems, which are omitted by default. Such file systems are typically special-purpose pseudo-file-systems, such as automounter entries.

'-B size'

'--block-size=size'

Scale sizes by size before printing them (see Block size). For example, -BG prints sizes in units of 1,073,741,824 bytes.

'--total'

Print a grand total of all arguments after all arguments have been processed. This can be used to find out the total disk size, usage and available space of all listed devices.

'-h'

'--human-readable'

Append a size letter to each size, such as 'M' for mebibytes. Powers of 1024 are used, not 1000; 'M' stands for 1,048,576 bytes. This option is equivalent to --block-size=human-readable. Use the --si option if you prefer powers of 1000.

'-H'

Equivalent to --si.

'-i'

'--inodes'

List inode usage information instead of block usage. An inode (short for index node) contains information about a file such as its owner, permissions, timestamps, and location on the disk.

'-k'

Print sizes in 1024-byte blocks, overriding the default block size (see Block size). This option is equivalent to --block-size=1K.

'-l'

'--local'

Limit the listing to local file systems. By default, remote file systems are also listed.

'--no-sync'

Do not invoke the sync system call before getting any usage data. This may make df run significantly faster on systems with many disks, but on some systems (notably SunOS) the results may be slightly out of date. This is the default.

'-P'

'--portability'

Use the POSIX output format. This is like the default format except for the following:

1. The information about each file system is always printed on exactly one line; a mount device is never put on a line by itself. This means that if the mount device name is more than 20 characters long (e.g., for some network mounts), the columns are misaligned.
2. The labels in the header output line are changed to conform to POSIX.
3. The default block size and output format are unaffected by the DF_BLOCK_SIZE, BLOCK_SIZE and BLOCKSIZE environment variables. However, the default block size is still affected by POSIXLY_CORRECT: it is 512 if POSIXLY_CORRECT is set, 1024 otherwise. See Block size.

'--si'

Append an SI-style abbreviation to each size, such as 'M' for megabytes. Powers of 1000 are used, not 1024; 'M' stands for 1,000,000 bytes. This option is equivalent to --block-size=si. Use the -h or --human-readable option if you prefer powers of 1024.

'--sync'

Invoke the sync system call before getting any usage data. On some systems (notably SunOS), doing this yields more up to date results, but in general this option makes df much slower, especially when there are many or very busy file systems.

'-t fstype'

'--type=fstype'

Limit the listing to file systems of type fstype. Multiple file system types can be specified by giving multiple -t options. By default, nothing is omitted.

'-T'

'--print-type'

Print each file system's type. The types printed here are the same ones you can include or exclude with -t and -x. The particular types printed are whatever is supported by the system. Here are some of the common names (this list is certainly not exhaustive):

'nfs'

An NFS file system, i.e., one mounted over a network from another machine. This is the one type name which seems to be used uniformly by all systems.

'4.2, ufs, efs...'

A file system on a locally-mounted hard disk. (The system might even support more than one type here; Linux does.)

'hsfs, cdfs'

A file system on a CD-ROM drive. HP-UX uses 'cdfs', most other systems use 'hsfs' ('hs' for "High Sierra").

'pcfs'

An MS-DOS file system, usually on a diskette.

'-x fstype'

'--exclude-type=fstype'

Limit the listing to file systems not of type fstype. Multiple file system types can be eliminated by giving multiple -x options. By default, no file system types are omitted.

'-v'

Ignored; for compatibility with System V versions of df.

An exit status of zero indicates success, and a nonzero value indicates failure. Failure includes the case where no output is generated, so you can inspect the exit status of a command like 'df -t ext3 -t reiserfs dir' to test whether dir is on a file system of type 'ext3' or 'reiserfs'.

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