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Solaris has separate daemons for DHCP client ( dhcpagent ) and DHCP server (in.dhcpd ).
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Solaris DHCP daemon is started automatically during bootup if file /etc/dhcp.interface exists for at lest one interface Only interfaces with a corresponding /etc/dhcp.interface file are automatically configured during boot.
Like DNS there can be primary and secondary DHCP servers but secondary DHCP servers are not a requirement and they are not that common. Primary and secondary DHCP servers must have access to the exact same data. Copies cannot be used. This can be achieved by via NIS and NFS. Both run in.dhcpd daemon:
The information about DHCP address range and allocated addresses is stored in two tables: dhcptab and dhcp_network
There are two alterative ways (command line based and GUI-based) to configure DHCP servers (and BOOTP relay servers):
Both utilities permit setting of startup options, configure the DHCP service database type (binary or text) and location, as well as initialize the dhcptab and dhcp_network tables for the DHCP zone that the server controls.
The /etc/inet/dhcpsvc.conf file contains configuration information and typically is populated using utilities that we mentioned above, although nothing prevents you for editing it manually. It the configuration file is not present, then the server does not run DHCP daemon. The content is a typical Unix-style configuration file with keyword-value pairs:
cat /etc/inet/dhcpsvc.conf
DAEMON_ENABLED=TRUE
RUN_MODE=server
RESOURCE=SUNWfiles
PATH=/var/dhcp
CONVER=1
VERBOSE=TRUE
ICMP_VERIFY=TRUE
INTERFACES=hme0,qfe0
UPDATE_TIMEOUT=15
LOGGING_FACILITY=7
BOOTP_COMPAT=automatic
Use the dhcpconfig utility can:
The initial configuration is performed by command:
/usr/sbin/dhcpconfig -D -r datastore -p location
where:
The dhcpconfig utility uses the appropriate system and network files, such as hosts, netmasks, and so on, on the DHCP server to determine values that are not provided on the command line.
Configuration is done in two steps:
First we need to provide type of storage and path to DHCP tables:
/usr/sbin/dhcpconfig -D -r SUNWfiles -p /var/dhcp
Created DHCP configuration file.
Created dhcptab.
Added "Locale" macro to dhcptab.
Added server macro to dhcptab - mydhcpsrv
DHCP server started.
Second we specify IP range for which DHCP services should be performed. For example:
/usr/sbin/dhcpconfig -N 10.10.1.0 -t 10.10.1.1
Added network macro to dhcptab - 10.10.1.0.
Created network table.
Here we configured the system to provide DHCP services for the network 10.10.1.0/24 (option -N) with the router 10.10.1.1 (option -t). As a result the dhcp_network file will be created.
A separate dhcp_network file exists for each network that is served by the DHCP server. It contains the range of IP addresses that the DHCP server assigns (DHCP zone). The file also maps the associated configuration parameters for each IP address assigned to the clients.
Each dhcp_network file is named using the IP address of the network it supports with the either SUNWbinfiles prefix (binary files format) or SUNWfiles prefix (text files format). For example, SUNWfiles1_10_10_1_0 is a text format file for network 10.10.1.0/24. You can view it using command:
cat SUNWfiles1_10_10_1_0 command
The pntadm utility performs three main functions: :
Options include:
Typical operations:
To verify that the network table was created, perform the command: ls /var/dhcp | grep 10.10.10
Note You can use an alias name for this network in place of the
network number if the alias is defined in the networks(4) file.
pntadm -r SUNWfiles -p /var/dhcp -A 10.10.10.1 10.10.10.0
pntadm -M 10.10.10.1 -m mymacro -f
'PERMANENT+MANUAL' 10.10.10.0
To view the table and observe the changes made by the pntadm command, perform the command:
cat /var/dhcp/SUNWfiles1_10_10_10_0
# SUNWfiles1_10_10_10_0
#
# Do NOT edit this file by hand -- use pntadm(1M) or dhcpmgr(1M) instead
10.10.10.1|00|00|10.10.1.1|0|8214847195300495361|UNKNOWN|
To view the changes, again use pntadm -P 10.10.10.0
Notes:
Use the dhtadm utility to manage the DHCP service configuration table, dhcptab. You can specify one of the following option flags:
The lease time is specified as a number of hours, days, or weeks for which the lease is valid. When a client is assigned an IP address (or renegotiates a lease on an IP address it is already assigned), the lease expiration date and time is calculated by adding the number of hours in the lease time to the timestamp on the client's DHCP acknowledgment. For example, if the timestamp of the DHCP acknowledgment is September 16, 1999 9:15 A.M., and the lease time is 24 hours, the lease expiration time is September 17, 1999 9:15 A.M.
The lease expiration time is stored in the client's DHCP network record, viewable in the DHCP Manager or using pntadm .
The lease time value should be relatively small, so that expired addresses are reclaimed quickly, but large enough so that if your DHCP service becomes unavailable, the clients continue to function until the machine(s) running the DHCP service can be repaired. A rule of thumb is to specify a time that is two times the predicted down time of a server. For example, if it generally takes four hours to obtain and replace a defective part and reboot the server, you should specify a lease time of eight hours.
The lease negotiation option determines whether or not a client can renegotiate its lease with the server before the lease expires. If lease negotiation is allowed, the client tracks the time remaining in its lease, and when half the lease time is used, the client requests the DHCP server to extend its lease to the original lease time. Disallowing lease negotiation is useful for environments where there are more machines than IP addresses, so the time limit is enforced on the use of IP addresses. If there are enough IP addresses, lease negotiation should be permitted to avoid forcing a client to take down its network interface and obtain a new lease, possibly interrupting their TCP connections (such as NFS and telnet sessions). Lease negotiation can be set site-wide during the server configuration, and for particular clients or types of clients through the use of the LeaseNeg option in configuration macros.
Note - Systems providing services on the network should retain their IP addresses, and should not be subject to short-term leases. You can use DHCP with such machines by assigning them reserved (manual) IP addresses, rather than IP addresses with permanent leases.
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Bryan J. Smith b.j.smith at ieee.org
Sat Jul 20 18:14:32 EDT 2002
I received messages from people running both Solaris' built-in (or unbundled) DHCP server as well as ISC's DHCP server on Solaris 2.5.1+. This summary is largely incomplete, as the responses given did _not_ show Sun's included Solaris DHCP Server has anything to offer over ISC's DHCP Server. Some people "guessed" that there might be some ONC+/NIS+ failover options, but no one confirmed this. However, I still received a lot of good information. - AVOID: Solaris version 2.6 (and earlier unbundled) DHCP servers Several people confirmed that pre-Solaris version 2.7 DHCP servers were buggy. - RECOMMEND: Solaris version 2.8 10/01 (and later) DHCP servers Several people confirmed that Solaris 2.8 10/01 and later are working flawlessly for them. Installing all post-10/01 DHCP patches is also recommended. Most are impressed with the GUI administration tools in these late DHCP server releases which seem to make administration easier than ISC's DHCP server "single, flat config file" setup. - SCNA Note: Study up on the Solaris DHCP server, it's 10% of the exam As I mentioned before, if you plan on taking the Sun Certified Network Administrator (SCNA) exam, be sure you know the bundled Solaris DHCP _server_ in and out. It's _nothing_ like the ISC server, and most of the books (including Sun's SCNA Study Guide), and even the on-line Sun Docs, are _dead_wrong_ in many areas. Learn it from a working system (which we should all be doing anyway, right? ;-). -- Bryan P.S. I feel I must add this, so my apologize in advance: In responses, several people accused me of "cheating" on the SCNA by using some of the available "training/study guides." I think people forget that "computer-administered" examinations are _not_ about what you know (let alone any extensive SunOS/Solaris experience -- I have 10 years, 6 _very_heavy_!), but if you can pass the objectives on the examination which are usually _not_ "real-world" situations. Most "computer-administered" examinations try to be "hard" by either A) making you memorize things that you usually hit the man pages for (this is the Sun approach) or B) being very ambiguous in an attempt to confuse the test taker (this is the Microsoft approach). I agree that _neither_ is a good test for experienced administrators -- hence the "paper certification" moniker (which I _do_ believe is an adequate description). Yes, it is possible that an experienced admin will pass them "straight up," but if you want to get 90%+ (like I do), you use the books to "brush up" on areas where you are weak. Only "performance-based" laboratory/peer-reviewed examinations -- like select Cisco certifications (and those modeled after them -- e.g., RedHat RHCE) test for "real world" experience where study guides are useless (e.g., the RHCE passing rate went down drastically after Syngress released its RHCE Study Guide). While I would love to see _all_ certifications follow the "performance-based" path (possibly with background/experience checks like the CISSP), many HR departments are using "paper certifications" right now to "filter out" candidates. Hence why I started sucking up certifications last month, because I'm currently unemployed and I cannot find self-employment without these little bits of paper that prospective clients want. So cut me some slack on the certs please, I'm even a degreed engineer (and _hate_ the vendor "engineer" crap too ;-). -- Bryan J. Smith, E.I. mailto:b.j.smith at ieee.org (407)489-7013 CompTIA A+ i-Net+ Linux+ Network+ Server+ Sun SCSA SCNA ---------------------------------------------------------------- SmithConcepts, Inc. -- http://www.SmithConcepts.com Consulting Engineers and IT Professionals _______________________________________________ sunmanagers mailing list sunmanagers at sunmanagers.org http://www.sunmanagers.org/mailman/listinfo/sunmanagers
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